Lung cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the lungs. The lungs are two spongy organs in the chest that take in oxygen when you breathe in and release carbon dioxide when you breathe out. It is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. People who smoke have the highest risk of getting lung cancer, but lung cancer can occur in people who have never smoked. Your risk of lung cancer increases with how long you smoked and the number of cigarettes you smoked. Quitting smoking can greatly reduce your chances of getting lung cancer, even after long-term smoking.
Overview
Lung cancer treatment in India develops in lung tissue, usually alveolar cells. It is the leading cause of death from cancer in both men and women.
There are two general types of lung cancer include:
Small cell lung cancer: Small cell lung cancer occurs almost exclusively in smokers and is less common than non-small cell lung cancer.
Non-small cell lung cancer: Non-small cell lung cancer is a general term for several types of lung cancer. Non-small cell lung cancer includes squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and large cell carcinoma.
Signs & Symptoms
Signs and symptoms of lung cancer may include:
- A new cough that doesn't go away
- Coughing up blood, even a small amount
- Shortness of breath
- Chest pain
- Hoarseness
- Losing weight without trying
- Bone pain
- Headache
Causes
Smoking causes most lung cancers in both smokers and secondhand smokers. However, lung cancer also occurs in nonsmokers and in people who have never been exposed to secondhand smoke. In these cases, there cannot be an obvious cause of lung cancer.
Diagnosis & Tests
Tests may include:
- Imaging tests
- Sputum cytology
- Biopsy
Treatment Procedure
People at high risk of lung cancer may consider annual lung cancer screening using low-dose computed tomography. Lung cancer screening is usually offered to older people who have been smoking for several years.
Medical procedures are important in the early stages of lung cancer. The type of medical procedure depends on the size and area of the lung tumor, the extent of cancer, the patient's overall strength, and other factors. Many medical procedures end with a long entry point on the side of the chest known as a thoracotomy. Some early-stage tumors can be treated with video-assisted chest surgery (VATS). This operation uses several small incisions (instead of one large incision) and special long surgical instruments.
Types of surgery include:
- Segmental or wedge resection: Removal of only a small part of the lung
- Lobectomy: Removal of an entire lobe of the lung
- Pneumonectomy: Removal of an entire lung
- Sleeve resection: After the bronchial fragment is removed, the lung is attached to the remaining bronchi.
Decision tree
Many people with cell destruction in the lungs experience shortness of breath or later during the course of the disease. Supplemental oxygen and prescription medications can make you feel better, but they are not 100% sufficient.
Prevention & Risk Factors
Risk factors
- Smoking
- Exposure to secondhand smoke
- Previous radiation therapy
- Exposure to radon gas
- Exposure to asbestos and other carcinogens
- Family history of lung cancer
- Prevention
Don't smoke
- Avoid secondhand smoke
- Test your home for radon
- Stop smoking
- Avoid carcinogens at work
- Exercise most days of the week
- Eat a diet full of fruits and vegetables
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